The article Defining Audio/Visual Redundancy… by Annie Lang was very informative and impacted how I approach designing audio/visual/text instruction. I had not previously considered how the two media might be stored in our WM/STM differently, but this article made me think about how that could be the case. I have found Audio/visual media to be the most efficient, thus far. In my learning experiences, I am better able to recall audio information, when I have a visual to "tag" to it. As I designed my instruction I took my personal knowledge as a learner into account and tried to associate each pertinent piece of information with a graphic. To not distract from my audio, which I felt "carried the load" of the instruction, I made these simple, recognizable images that did not require mush additional processing by learner. Audio allows the teacher to provide more in depth instruction, than text alone, while still maintaining students' attention and engagement.
Lang, A. (1995). Defining audio/video redundancy from a limited- capacity information processing perspective. Communication Research, 22(1), 86-115. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009365095022001004